Organosilicone polymers

ABSTRACT

Organosilicone polymers are provided which comprise polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers wherein the polysiloxane blocks are trialkylsiloxy-endblocked and contain reoccurring difunctional dialkylsiloxy monomeric units in combination with reoccurring difunctional cyanoalkyl-alkylsiloxy or cyanoalkoxyalkylsiloxy monomeric units, the mol ratio of the dialkylsiloxy units to the cyano-substituted siloxy units being about 10-200:3-100, and wherein the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are joined through an Si-C or an Si-O-C linkage, and from about 20 to about 65 weight per cent of the oxyalkylene units of the polyoxyalkylene blocks are constituted of oxyethylene units. The block copolymers of the invention are effective stabilizers of flexible polyether polyolbased polyurethane foams and offer particular advantage in the formation of flame-retarded foams. Also provided is a particular class of cyano-substituted polyalkylsiloxane hydrides which are useful in the preparation of the aforesaid block copolymers.

United States Patent [191 Prokai et al.

[ 1 June 3, 1975 ORGANOSILICONE POLYMERS [75] Inventors: Bela Prokai, Mahopac; Bernard Kanner, West Nyack, both of N.Y.

[73] Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation, New

York, N.Y.

221 Filed: Nov. 29, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 420,233

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 279,883, Aug. ll, 1972, Pat. No.

[52] US. Cl ..260/2.5 AH;

' 260/33.4 SB; 260/334 UR [51] Int. Cl C08g 22/44 [58] Field of Search 260/2.5 Al-l, 2.5 BD

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,637,783 l/l972 Haluska 260/25 AH X 3,793,300 2/1974 Prokai et al 260/25 Al-l 3,796,676 3/1974 Kroner et al 260/25 AH Primary ExaminerLewis T. Jacobs Attorney, Agent, or Firm-M. Klosty [57] ABSTRACT Organosilicone polymers are provided which comprise polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers wherein the polysiloxane blocks are trialkylsiloxyendblocked and contain reoccurring difunctional dialkylsiloxy. monomeric units in combination with reoccurring difunctional cyanoalkylalkylsiloxy or cyanoalkoxyalkylsiloxy monomeric units, the mol ratio of the dialkylsiloxy units to the cyano-substituted siloxy units being about 10-200z3-100, and wherein the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are joined through an Si-C or an SiOC linkage, and from about 20 to about 65 weight per cent of the oxyalkylene units of the polyoxyalkylene blocks are constituted of oxyethylene units. The block copolymers of the invention are effective stabilizers of flexible polyether polyolbased polyurethane foams and offer particular advantage in the formation of flame-retarded foams. Also provided is a particular class of cyanosubstituted polyalkylsiloxane hydrides which are use- 9 Claims, N0 Drawings ORGANOSILICONE POLYMERS This is a division of application Ser. No. 279,883 filed Aug. 11, 1972, now US. Pat. No. 3,846,462, issued Nov. 5, 1974.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to novel organosilicone polymers and their use in the manufacture of urethane cellular products, particularly flame-retarded flexible polyether polyol-based urethane foams.

It is well known that the urethane linkages of urethane foams are formed by the exothermic reaction of a polyfunctional isocyanate and a polyfunctional active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of a catalyst, and that the cellular structure of the foam is provided by gas evolution and expansion during the urethane-forming reaction. In accordance with the one-shot process which is the most widely used industrial technique, direct reaction is effected between all of the raw materials which include the polyisocyanate, the active hydrogen-containing compound, the catalyst system, blowing agent and surfactant. A major function of the surfactant is to stabilize the urethane foam, that is, prevent collapse of the foam until the foamed product has developed sufficient gel strength to become self-supporting.

It is also well known that suitable active hydrogencontaining compounds include polyether polyols and polyester polyols. From the standpoint of their chemical structure, therefore, urethanes are usually classified as polyether and polyester urethanes, respectively. Urethane foams also differ with respect to their physical structure and, from this standpoint, are generally classified as flexible, semi-flexible or rigid foams.

Although certain techniques of urethane manufacture such as the one-shot process and certain components of the foam formulation such as the polyisocyanates, amine catalyst and blowing agent, are generally useful, a specific problem associated with the production of a particular type of urethane foam and the solution thereto are often peculiar to the chemical and physical structure of the desired foamed product. In particular, the efficacy of the foam stabilizer is usually selective with respect to the formation of a particular type of foam. One factor to be considered in the evaluation of stabilizing efficacy is surfactant potency which is reflected by two types of measurements. One is the measured original height to which the foam rises as it is being formed. From this standpoint, the greater the foam rise, the more potent is the surfactant. The second potency measurement is concerned with the ability of the surfactant to maintain the original height of the foam once it has formed. Foams produced with surfactants which have goot potency in this second respect undergo a minimum of settling or top collapse which may otherwise contribute to split formation and other foam defects.

It is also desirable that the foam stabilizer have good processing latitude, that is, ability to provide foams of satisfactory quality over a relatively wide range of operating variables such as, for example, concentration of surfactant and metal co-catalysts which are normally employed in the manufacture of flexible polyetherbased foams. The more common co-catalysts are organic derivatives of tin and thus sensitivity to variation in co-catalyst concentration is more particularly referred to in the art as tin operating latitude. Decreasing the concentration of such co-catalysts below normal levels is sometimes necessary to improve breathability of the foam but, if the effectiveness of the foam stabilizer is narrowly dependent on co-catalyst concentration (that is, its ti'n operating latitude is poor), the desired enhanced breathability will be offset by foam weakness due to split formation.

The search for improved surfactants for stabilization of polyurethane foams is further complicated by the tendency of such foams to ignite readily and burn and the need to reduce their flammability. This characteristic is particularly objectionable in the case of flexible polyurethane foams in view of the use of such foams in many applications where fire is especially hazardous such as their use in automotive seat cushions and household furniture cushioning. One approach to reducing flammability of flexible foams is to include a flame-retarding agent such as various phosphorus and- /or halogen-containing compounds as a component of the foam-producing reaction mixture. It is found, however, that surfactants which may otherwise be effective stabilizers of non flame-retarded foams, may be deficient as stabilizers of flame-retarded foams.

Among the various types of surfactants which have been used to advantage for stabilization of non flameretarded flexible polyether-based urethane foams are polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane block copolymers wherein silicon of the siloxane backbone is bonded only to methyl groups and the polyether portion of the polyoxyalkylene blocks is composed of oxyethylene and oxypropylene units. Such copolymers include those of both the hydrolyzable and non hydrolyzable types, that is, copolymers in which the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are linked through Si- -OC and SiC-- bonds, respectively. From the standpoint of possessing a particularly good combination of potency and processing latitude in the stabilization of flexible polyether urethane foams, an especially useful class of non hydrolyzable block copolymers are those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,505,377, an application for reissue of which was filed on Nov. 18, 1971 as Ser. No.-200,242 of Edward L. Morehouse, now US. Pat. NofRe. 27,541. When used to stabilize polyether-based foams derived from reaction mixtures containing a flame-retardant, however, copolymers wherein the polysiloxane blocks are substituted only with methyl groups including copolymers of the hydrolyzable type, provide foams which either do not qualify as self-extinguishing (by flammability test ASTM D- 1692-68) or do not provide self-extinguishing foams of low burning extent.

The prior art also describes polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene block copolymers wherein the backbone of the polysiloxane blocks are modified with various groups other than or in addition to methyl groups, such as aralkyl groups. Copolymers of this type are described in US. Pat. No. 3,657,305 and in copending application Ser. No. 888,067, filed Dec. 24, 1969, of Edward L. Morehouse, now US. Pat. No. 3,686,254. Although such copolymers, and especially those containing phenylethyl groups bonded to silicon, provide flame-retarded foams of significantly reduced flammability, it has been found such foams have a tendency to settle leaving room for still further improved organosilicone foam stabilizers.

It is an object of this invention to provide new and useful organosilicone polymers which have particular application in the manufacture of flexible polyether polyol-based polyurethane foams.

Another object is to provide an improved class of polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers which possess a good combination of properties such as potency and processing latitude when used as stabilizers of flexible polyether urethane foams and which additionally allow for the formation of self-extinguishing foams of low burning extent and good quality with minimum sacrifice in their aforementioned other desirable properties.

A further object is to provide particular flexible polyether polyurethane foams of reduced flammability and a method for their manufacture.

Various other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the accompanying description and disclosure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with one aspect of the present invention a novel class of cyano-substituted organosilicones is provided comprising polymers having the average structure depicted by the following Formula I:

R represents a bivalent alkylene group (R-) or an oxyalkylene group (-OR-) the oxygen atom of which is bonded to silicon, said R group having at least 2 and usually no more than 12 carbon atoms;

R" represents a bivalent alkylene group, an alkyleneCO or an -alkyleneNI-ICO group where in each instance the free valence of alkylene is bonded to silicon;

W represents a monovalent hydrocarbyl group (R an acyl group [RC(O)], or a carbamyl group [RNI-IC(O)], wherein R in each instance has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms;

x has an average value of from about to about 200, and more usually has a value of from about to about 100;

y has an average value of from about 3 up to about 100, and is usually at least about 4 and no more than about 2 has an average value of from 2 to 30, and is usually no more than about 10;

p is either zero or one;

a has a value of from 2 to 4 provided from about 20 to about 65 weight per cent of the oxyalkylene units of the polyoxyalkylene chain, --(C I-I ,,O),,-, is constituted of oxyethylene units; and

i b has an average value such that the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene chain is from about 1000 to about 6000.

In addition to the aforesaid novel class of organosilicone polymers, the present invention also provides a process for producing flexible polyurethane foam which comprises reacting and foaming a reaction mixture of: (a) a polyether polyol reactant containing an average of at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule; (b) a polyisocyanate reactant containing at least two isocyanato groups per molecule; (c) a blowing agent; (d) a catalyst comprising an amine; (e) a co-catalyst comprising an organic derivative of a polyvalent metal such as tin; and (f) a foam stabilizer comprising the cyano-substituted organosilicone polymers represented by Formula I above. In addition to their efficacy as stabilizers of polyether-based urethane foams, it has been found that the organosilicone polymers of this invention possess the further advantageous property of al- 'SiR (I) lowing for the formation of flame-retarded foams of acceptable overall quality without substantial sacrifice of their good combination of potency and processing latitude. In accordance with this aspect of the present invention, flame-retarded flexible polyether-based urethane foams are provided by reacting and foaming reaction mixtures which also include a silicon-free, flame-retarding agent.

In providing either the non flame-retarded or flameretarded foams of the invention, the organo-silicone polymers encompassed by Formula I can be introduced to the foam-producing reaction mixtures either as such, in diluted form, or preblended with one or more of the polyether polyol reactant, blowing agent, amine catalyst or flame-retarding agent.

The present invention also relates to various methods for the preparation of the novel foam stabilizers described herein including the reaction of: (l) polyoxyalkylene reactants which are either hydroxyl-terminated or end-blocked at one end with an olefinically unsaturated group, and (2) the novel class of cyanosubstituted polyhydrocarbylsiloxane hydrides having the average structure represented by the following general Formula II:

l i R-,.5i0 id to 10 ll S1R (11) J g g u l 1 l l I l K g H l l 5 z i 5 L. X i .Q Z

wherein, wherein R, R, x, y, and z have the aforesaid significance defined with respect to Formula I.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The organosilicone polymer surfactants of this invention are, as depicted by Formula I, polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene block copolymers wherein the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are linked through a silicon-to-carbon bond (when p has a value of one) or through a silicon-to-oxygen bond (when p is zero),

R, R, W, x, y, z, a and b are as defined with respect to Formula I.

From the standpoint of the nature of the linkage by which the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are joined, the copolymers of Formula I-A are of the non hydrolyzable type whereas those of Formula I-B are hydrolyzable. Although the alkyl groups represented by R are bonded to silicon through SiC linkages, the cyano-substituted groups depicted as R'CN, may be bonded to silicon through either a silicon-to-carbon bond (when R is an alkylene group, R-) or a silicon-to-oxygen bond (when R is an oxyalkylene group,

as shown by the following more specific structures, re- 25 -OR-) as shown by the following formulas, respecspectively: tively:

7 f r r R l I a R l I I 1 R3510 SiO----'r-- 5m 310 l- SiR (i-A) I I l R l R wom n O) R" X H l Z F' *1 l R TR R l i I l I l R SLO O 'O-l ----r 3 T a l i 1 slof R3 (1 B) I x i R R l l-I(OC H O l L F 1 i Z r F R I IR R R SiO sro H10 -l 510 5111 (I-C) a I l l I R i R wO'(C H O) R" P L. l 5 .l

:CN L m l R I R l R I t I i E I i a l L R blO1S'LO i 5'10 i 5:10? S1R3 (I D) R i 0 l wo(c H 0) R" i L L U l R ll wherein R, R, W, x, y, z, a, b, and p are as defined with respect to Formula I.

Thus, the organosilicone polymers of the invention may be: (1) non hydrolyzable with respect to both the polyoxyalkylene block and cyano-substituted groups (when p of Formula I-C is one); (2) hydrolyzable with respect to both the polyoxyalkylene block and cyanosubstituted groups (when p of Formula I-D is zero); (3) hydrolyzable with respect to the polyoxyalkylene block and non hydrolyzable with respect to the cyanosubstituted groups (when p of Formula I-C is zero); and (4) non hydrolyzable with respect to the polyoxyalkylene block and hydrolyzable with respect to the cyanosubstituted groups (when p of Formula I-D is one).

In the silicon-bonded, cyano-substituted RCN and ORCN groups, R represents a bivalent alkylene radical including linear and branched radicals of the series, C I-I where c has a value of from 2 to 12 and is preferably not more than six. Illustrative of suitable groups represented by R are: ethylene (CI-I C- H trimethylene (-CH CI-I CI-l propylene [CI-I CH(CI-I tetramethylene and higher homologues to dodecamethylene [(CI-I The -R groups are usually lower alkylene groups having from two to four carbon atoms. It is to be understood that the R groups may be the same throughout the polymer or they may differ and that the polymer may contain any combination of cyanoalkyl (NCR-) and cyanoalkoxy- (NCRO) substituted siloxy units.

The remaining silicon-bonded groups (R) which comprise the polysiloxane backbone of the block copolymers of this invention, are alkyl groups of the series, C,,I-I wherein d has a value from 1 to 10, including linear and branched alkyl groups. Illustrative of suitable groups encompassed by R are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, oxtyl and decyl groups. Of the various groups represented by R, the lower alkyl groups (that is, those having from one to four carbon atoms) are preferred of which methyl is especially suitable. It is to be understood that the R groups may be the same throughout the polymer or they may differ as between or within units without departing from the scope of this invention. For example, the endblocking monofunctional units, R SiO may be trimethylsiloxy units and the difunctional units, R SiO, may be diethylsiloxy or methylethylsiloxy units.

The average polysiloxane content of the block copolymers of this invention ranges between about 15 and about 45 weight per cent of the total weight of the polymer, the remainder being constituted essentially of the polyoxyalkylene blocks which are shown in general Formula I as WO(C,,H ,,O),,. In the compositions wherein the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are linked through a silicon-to-carbon bond (that is, the specific compositions encompassed by Formula I-A), the linking group (R") is a bivalent alkylene group, an alkylene-C(O) group or an alkyleneNI-I--C- (O) group wherein the free valence of alkylene is bonded to silicon. In these linking groups, alkylene has the more specific formula C H where e has a value from 2 to 6 and is usually no more than four. Illustrative of suitable groups encompassed by R" are: ethylene; trimethylene', propylene, tetramethylene; hexamethylene; corresponding --C I-I -C(O) groups which together with oxygen of the polyoxyalkylene chain form an ester linkage; and corresponding C I-l NI-IC(O) groups which in combination with oxygen of the polyoxyalkylene chain form carbamate linkages.

The average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene chain, (C H O),,, ranges from about 1000 to about 6000 and from about 20 to about 65 weight per cent thereof is constituted of oxyethylene units. The remainder of the polyoxyalkylene chain is usually formed of oxypropylene, oxybutylene or a combination of such units, although preferably the remainder is oxypropylene. It is to be understood that the oxyethylene and other oxyalkylene units can be randomly distributed throughout the polyoxyalkylene chain or they can be grouped in respective sub-blocks, provided the total average content of (C I-I O) in the chain is within the aforesaid said range. The preferred polyoxyalkylene blocks have the formula, WO(C H O),,,(C I-I O),, wherein m has an average value of from about 6 to about 82 and n has an average value from about 4.5 to about 90, provided the average molecular weight of the chain, (C I-I O),,,(C I-I O),,, is within the aforesaid range of 1000 to 6000, and from 20 to 65 weight per cent of the chain is constituted of oxyethylene units.

As further indicated by the above Formula I the polyoxyalkylene chain, (C H O),,--, is terminated by the organic group, WO-, wherein W is a monovalent organic capping group. Illustrative of the organic caps encompassed by W are such groups as: R RNl-IC(O), and RC(O), wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and is usually free of aliphatic unsaturation. The groups (WO) which endblock the polyoxyalkylene chains are, therefore, corresponding RO--, RNI-IC(O)O and RC(O)O monovalent organic radicals. In the aforesaid capping (W) and terminal (WO) groups, R can be any of the following: an alkyl group including linear and branched chain alkyl groups having the formula, C,I-I wherein f is an integer from 1 to 12, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tbutyl, octyl and dodecyl groups; a cycloaliphatic radical including monocyclic and bicyclic groups such as, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and bicyclo[2.2.l ]heptyl groups; an aromatically unsaturated group including aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl radicals such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, xylyl, tolyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tbutylphenyl, benzyl, beta-phenylethyl and 2- phenylpropyl groups; alkyland arylsubstituted cycloaliphatic radicals such as, for example, methylcyclopentyl and phenylcyclohexyl radicals; and the like. It is evident, therefore, that the terminal group (WO) of the polyoxyalkylene chain can be corresponding alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, alkaryloxy, cycloalkoxy, acyloxy, aryl-C(O)O, alkyl carbamate and aryl carbamate groups.

The generally preferred R groups are phenyl, lower alkyl radicals, the lower alkyl-substituted aryl groups and the aryl-substituted lower alkyl groups, wherein the term lower alkyl denoted C -C alkyl radicals. Therefore, illustrative of the preferred capping groups represented by W of Formula I are: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl (C H C H acetyl, benzoyl, methylcarbamyl [CI-I NHC(O)-], ethylcarbamyl [C H NHC(O)-], propyland butyl-carbamyl groups, phenylcarbamyl s s )-l tolylcarbamyl It is to be understood that the terminal organic radical (WO) of the respective polyoxyalkylene blocks of the polymers of this invention may be the same throughout the polymer or may differ. For example, the polymer compositions of this invention can contain polyether blocks in which the terminal group (WO) is methoxy, and other polyether groups in which WO is a hydrocarbyl-carbamate group such as methylcarbamate, CH NHC(O)O, or benzyloxy (C H CH O).

Preferred organosilicone polymers of this invention are those encompassed by the following Formulas II]- VI:

benzylcarbamyl and the average molecular weight of the chain is from about 1000 to about 6000. Generally, block copolymers encompassed by Formulas lIl-Vl have a particularly good combination of potency, processing latitude including tin operating latitude and allow for the formation of flame-retarded polyether-based urethane foams which are not only self-extinguishing (by ASTM D-l692-68) but are also of low burning extent.

The organosilicone polymers of this invention are prepared by any one of a number of reactions, the particular method employed depending primarily on whether the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are linked through an SiC or SiOC linkage (Forwherein:

Me represents a methyl group (CH x has an average value of from about to about 100',

y has an average value of from about 4 to about z has an average value from about 2 to-about 10;

e has a value of from 2'to 4;

W represents an R, RC(O) or RNHC(O) group, where R is a lower alkyl, phenyl or ar(- lower)alkyl group; and

m and n are positive numbers such that the average oxyethylene content of the oxyalkylene chain ranges from about 20 to about 65 weight per cent 7 nesiol sime 3,887,500 11 12 Eguation l:

R X t i i I l l l 2 l cm l L. .s y

R,sio( x ,sio i M RSiOWSiR3 i R I ('N j wom n m c u L .Y

wherein I randomly distributed throughout the chain such as R, R, W, x, y, z, a, b and e have the aforesaid significance.

when a mixture of alkylene oxides is polymerized, or they can be arranged as sub-blocks such as when the respective alkylene oxides are polymerized sequen- Preferably, the monoolefinic group, C l-l of the tially.

polyether reactant employed in Method A is vinyl, allyl The organosilicone polymers of this invention or methallyl, the allyl end-blocked reactants being eswherein the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks pecially suitable. One method for preparing such polyare joined through an SiOC bond (that is, the comether reactants comprises starting alkylene oxide polypositions encompassed by Formula l-B above) are promerization with an alkenol having at least three carbon vided by the catalyzed condensation of silicon-bonded atoms such as allyl alcohol to provide HO(C,,H ,,O),, hydrogen of the SiH fluids having Formula II above C H M (wherein e has a value of at least 3), followed with hydrogen of the OH group of hydroxylby capping of the terminal hydroxyl group with the terminated polyether reactants. This method is referred aforesaid organic radical W, such as methyl, phenyl, to herein as Method B and is illustrated by the followbenzyl, acetyl, methylcarbamyl and like capping ing reaction of Equation 2:

Eguation 2: I

o J y groups. Further details concerning the method of prepwherein R, R, W, x, y, z, a and b have the significance aration of such polyether reactants are as described in defined with specific reference to Formula I. British Patent Specifications Nos. 1,220,471 and When the cyano-substituted group (RCN) of the 1,220,472. Alternatively, the polyether reactants can organosilicone block copolymers of this invention is be prepared by starting the alkylene oxide polymerizabonded to silicon by an SiC bond, that is, when tion with an alkanol such as methanol, an aralkyl alco- R is the bivalent alkylene group, R', also exhol such as benzyl alcohol, phenol and the like, folressed hereinabove as C H wherein c has a lowed by capping of the terminal hydroxyl group of the value from 2 to 12, the polymers may also be prepared reaction product with the monoolefinic group such as by a third method, referred to herein as Method C. The vinyl, allyl, methallyl and the like. Of these various latter method comprises the platinum-catalyzed hymonoolefinically unsaturated polyether. reactants, allyl drosilation of cyanosubstituted alkenes having the foralcohol-started polyoxyalkylene ethers are especially mula, C H CN, where c is as aforesaid, employing suitable. It is to be understood that the polyoxyalkylene l lk lsiloxane hydride fluids, In accordance with Chain, a 2a )b' of the polyether reactants is one embodiment of Method C, the hydrosilation of the Composed of from about 0 to about 65 e ght per Cent cyano-substituted alkene is carried out concurrently of oxyethylene units, (C H4 )n, the remaining with hydrosilation of the monoolefinically endblocked oxyalkylene units being xyp pyl n y ylpolyether reactant as illustrated by the following Equaene. The different types of oxyalkylene units can be ti 3;

l l V l I 3 l E HZ I bc llze It is to be understood that the reaction of Equation 3 15 Equation 3 is reacted initially with y mols of cyanoalmay also be carried out by first hydrosilating 2 mols of kene followed by reaction of the intermediate cyathe polyether reactant to provide an intermediate havnoalkylmodified polyalkylsiloxane hydride with z mols ing the average composition, of either the monoolefinically unsaturated polyether i. l z ;;LO(R $iC-) (R-;10) v in ra 51x which is then reacted with y mols of the cyano-alkene reactant shown in Equation 1 or the hydroxylto provide the product shown in Equation 3. terminated polyether reactant shown in Equation 2.

In accordance with still another embodiment of This sequence of reactions is illustrated by Equations Method C, the polyalkylsiloxane hydride fluid shown in 30 4q-4c:

Eoua tion 4a;

-Continued rig ua tion 4c:

l l CCHZC i i C L i (IN Q wherein R, W, a, b, c, e, x, y and z are as previously defined.

M... RS101 biR 1. H2

the polyalkylsiloxane hydride and I-lO-C of hydroxylterminated polyether reactants, as shown by the follow- When R is methyl and c is three, and the polyether reing Equation 5:

R351 001 i or,

Equations 4b and 4c have the average compositions shown hereinabove by Formula III (that is, when e therein is three) and Formula IV, respectively.

When the cyano-substituted groups (R'CN) of the organosilicone block copolymers of this invention are di 12-1, y llw "25 x.

cance. It is to be understood that the reaction of Equation 5 may also be carried out by first reacting 2 mols of the' polyether reactant with the polyalkylsiloxane hydride to provide an intermediate having the average strucbonded to silicon by SiOC linkages, that is, when ture:

--R'-- is the oXyalkylene group, OR, wherein R is more specifically defined as C I-I c having a value from 2 to 12, the polymers are prepared by a fourth method, referred to herein as Method D. The

latter method comprises hydrogen condensation of SiI-l and HOC groups derived respectively from polyalkylsiloxane hydrides and cyano-substituted alkanols having the formula, I-IOC I-I CN, wherein c is as aforesaid. In accordance with one embodiment of Method D, the condensation reaction is carried out simultaneously with hydrogen condensation of Sil-l of which is then reacted with the cyano-alkanol to provide the polymer product shown in Equation 5. In accordance with another embodiment of Method D, the polyalkylsiloxane hydride fluid is partially reacted initially with y mols of the cyano-alkanol followed by reaction of the intermediate cyanoalkoxy-modified SiI-l fluid with 1 mols of either the monoolefinically unsaturated polyether reactant shown in Equation 1 or the hydroxyl-terminated polyether reactant shown in Equation 2. This sequence of reactions is illustrated by Equations 6a 6c:

f l g l I Eguapion 61) CCHZC I 0 wO(C H O) C H J Eg ua tion be R $iO(R SiO) fkbisi') r tu s. 1 it t z w'(O(l H OH l o u I I i CCHQC 5 CN l J I S Q R" RS O S 'R -Q 1 1o R a1 I l1 1 3 z 'llz l 4 I t I w(O(, ri O i Z l c' 2c i f EN 5 wherein 5 WO(C H O) (C H O),,-H, the polymer products of R, W, a, b, c, e, x, y and z are as previously defined. Equations 6b and 60 have the compositions shown When R is methyl and c is three, and the polyether rehereinabove by Formula V (that is, when e therein is actants are WO(C H O),,,(C H O),,CH CH=CH and three) and Formula VI, respectively.

The hydrosilation reactions illustrated-by Equations 1, 3, 4a, 4b and 6b, which overall comprise the addition of Si--l-l to the respective monoolefinic groups of the polyether and cyano-alkene reactants, are effected in the presence of a platinum catalyst. Particularly effective is platinum in the form of chloroplatinic acid dissolved, if desired, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, butanol or mixed solvents such as ethanolethylene glycol dimethyl ether. It is to be understood, however, that other platinum derivatives known to the art as hydrosilation catalysts may also be used. The platinum is present in a catalytic amount such as from about 5 to about 300 parts per million (ppm) parts by weight of the combined weight of the silicon-containing and organic reactants. The more usual platinum concentration is from about 5 to about 150 ppm. Suitable reaction temperatures range from about room temperature (25C.) to about 200C., and are more usually from about 60C. to about 150C.

The condensation reactions illustrated by Equations 2, 4c, 5, 6a and 60, which comprise the reaction of silanic hydrogen (SiH) and hydrogen of the OH groups of the hydroxyl-terminated polyether reactant and the cyano-alkanol reactant, are promoted by a variety of catalysts such as organic derivatives of tin, platinum and other transition metals. Especially suitable are organic derivatives of tin such as tin carboxylates which are typically illustrated by stannous octoate, stannous oleate, stannous laurate and dibutyl tin dilaurate. These catalysts are employed in amounts from about 0.1 to about 5, and usually no more than about 2, weight per cent, based on the total weight of the reactants. The SiH/l-lOC condensation reactions are effected at temperatures from about 60C. to about 150C., more usually from about 80C. to about 120C.

The various reactions of Equations 1 through 60 are usually carried out employing the organic reactants (that is, the polyether, cyano-alkene and cyanoalkanol) in amounts at least sufficient to react with a predetermined proportion of the silicon-bonded hydrogen of the Si-H reactant. From the standpoint of more effective and more complete reaction of silanic hydrogen, the organic reactants are usually employed in excess of stoichiometric requirements. In those reactions (Equations 1, 2, 4b, 4c, 6b and 60) wherein the Si-H groups are to be completely reacted with only one of the organic reactants to form the desired final polymer, the organic reactant may be employed in amounts corresponding to a 100 or more weight per cent excess. In the case of the polyether reactant, however, usually no more than about a 50 weight per cent excess is used. On the other hand, when the Si--l-l reactant is either partially reacted initially with one of the organic reactants as shown, for example, by Equations 4a and 6a, or is reacted with the polyether and cyano-substituted reactants concurrently as shown by Equations 3 and 5, the organic reactants are employed in an amount just sufficient to satisfy the predetermined stoichiometric requirements of the desired reaction or only a small excess such as up to about 50 weight per cent is used.

If desired, the hydrosilation and condensation reactions may be conducted in a solvent medium which is substantially non reactive with SiH under the reaction conditions. Therefore, the use of hydroxylcontaining solvents including alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and ether alcohols, as the medium in which the reaction is carried out should be avoided. Suitable non reactive solvents are the normally liquid aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,

toluene and xylene, although other non reactive solvents such as ethers can also be used. Upon completion of the respective hydrosilation and condensation reactions, any unreacted cyano-alkene or cyano-alkanol, or any organic solvent employed in the polymer preparation, may be removed by conventional separation techniques to obtain the final product comprising the polymer compositions of the invention. It is to be understood that some portion of the solvent and excess reactants may remain in the product and that such diluted polyer compositions are within the scope, and may be used in accordance with the teachings, of this invention. In the hydrosilation reactions, the removal or neutralization of the chloroplatinic acid catalyst is usually desirable for longrange product stability. Neutralization is readily effected by adding sodium bicarbonate to the reaction mixture followed by filtration of the resultant slurry to remove the neutralizing agent and platinum residues.

The cyano-substituted polyhydrocarbylsiloxane hydride fluids encompassed by Formula II and employed in the reaction of Equations 1, 2, 4b, 40, 6b and 6c, are in turn provided by any one of a number of methods. The particular method employed depends upon whether the cyano-bearing siloxy unit,

R CN has the more specific unit formula,

RSiU. or RSiO.

Overall, the

methods employed in providing the cyano-substituted Si-l-l fluids encompassed by Formula 11 comprise the use of various combinations of the following precursor reactants as the source of the indicated units or groups:

a. Hexaalkyldisiloxanes, R SiOSiR as the source of the endblocking units, R SiO,,

b. Cyclic dialkylsiloxane polymers [R SiO] where q usually has an average value of from about 3 to about 6, as the source of the difunctional dialkylsiloxy units, R SiO;

c. Trialkyl-endblocked dialkylsiloxane polymers, R SiO(R SiO),SiR where r has an average value of at least two and is usually no more than about 10, as the source of the endblocking units, R SiO and as a source of the dialkylsiloxy units, R SiO;

d. Cyanoalkyl-alkylsiloxane polymers as the source of the NC-R(R)Si0 units, where R, as previously defined, is the bivalent alkylene radical, -C H c having a value from 2 to 12, the said polymers being formed by the hydrolysis of cyanoalkylalkyldichlorosilanes, NC--R(R)SiCl followed by the base-catalyzed dehydrationcyclization of the hydrolyzate to form cyclics having the formula, [NCR(R)SiO] the average value of w being from about 3 to about 12 or more and is preferably from about 4 to about 8;

e. Polymeric alkylsiloxane hydride fluids having an Si-H content sufficient to provide from about 200 to about 372 cubic centimeters of hydrogen per gram, as the source of the RSiO units;

f. Cyano-substituted alkenes, C I-l CN, where c as tively. It is to be understood, therefore, that g, x, y and previously defined is from 2 to 12, as the source of can be any positive number depending upon the the NCR groups of the NCR(R)SiO scale on which the reactions are run, provided that units, where R is more particularly shown a e when normalized on the basis of g=l the mo] ratios of bivalent alkylene radical, C H and 5 x':y:z (Equation 7) and [x (g X r)]:y': :Z (Equag- Cyano-su i u ed alkanOlS, as the tion 8) are about 10-200z3-100z2-30, respectively, Source Of the NCRO groups 0f the CR- thereby providing polymer products wherein the ration units, Where R iS also more particularly of x:y:z is 10-20023-10012-30, as previously defined. shown as the bivalent alkylene radical, C I-I 13 In providing the Si-H fluids by the one-step reac- 1O tions of Equations 7 and 8, standard base-catalyzed One method for providing the cyanoalkyl-substituted equilibration reaction conditions are not suitable in polyalkylsiloxane hydrides encompassed by Formula II view of the base-sensitivity of the Si H groups, Furwherein R is the bivalent alkylene radical, -R-, that ther, in view of the susceptibility of cyano groups to hycompositions having the following Formula drolysis in aqueous acidic media, the equilibration re- Whereln R- 5 more p r lc larly ShOWn as C 15 action is effected under substantially anhydrous condi- 2c, tions. It has been found that a particularly effective catalyst for promoting the reactions of Equations 7 and 8, is trifluoromethylsulfonic acid (CF SO H) employed in R SiO(;-( i J) X1 R: E (ll-:1 i0) SiR II-A substantially anhydrous form (that is, containing less than about l.0 weight per cent water). This catalyst (I, 'rl provides a proper balance of acidity to promote the equilibration reaction without causing substantial 52 cleavage of the Si-OSi siloxane linkages. The

g y catalyst is usually employed in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about one weight per cent, based on the comprises equilibration of either one of the above reactotal weight of reactants. The acid-catalyzed equilibratants (a) and (c) with reactants (b), (d) and (e). These tion reactions of Equations 7 and 8 are carried out with reactants are illustrated by the following Equations 7 vigorous mechanical stirring at temperatures within the and 8 in which polymeric reactants (b), (d) and (e) are range from about 20C. to about 120C. at least until shown, for convenience, simply as the monomeric units the reaction mixture becomes homogeneous. Effecting which they provide: the reaction at ordinary ambient temperatures Mil g R SiOSiR x' [R 310] (NCC H Si(R)O] 2' (R510) g? -l Fluid of Formula II-A Equation 8: g R SiO(R SiO) SiR x' [R 810] y [NC-C H Si(R)O] 2' (R510) ----1 S i -rl Fluid of Formula 11-11 wherein: (2025C.) usually provides a satisfactory rate of reac- R, as previously defined, is an alkyl group having tion. After completion of the reaction, the reaction from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; product is neutralized with base such as sodium bicarc has a value from 2 to 12; and bonate and filtered, sometimes adding a liquid hydrox, y and z of the Si-H Fluid of Formula II-A have recarbon such as xylene or toluene to facilitate the filtraspective average values from about 10 to about tion. When a diluent is used, it is conveniently sepa- 200, about 3 to about 100, and about 2 to about 30. rated from the reaction product by rotary vacuum In the above Equations 7 and 8 and other equations evaporation. hereinbelow, g represents the actual number of mols of In addition to the one-step reactions of Equations 7 the indicated reactant, and x, y and 2 represent the and 8, the cyano-substituted polyalkylsiloxane hydrides actual number of mol-equivalents of the indicated having Formula II-A may also be prepared in step-wise monomeric units provided by the polymeric source of manner as shown by the sequence of reactions of Equasuch units, that is, reactants (b), (d) and (e), respections 9a and 9b:

Eguation 9a a g X' (R SiO) JJ' C- H2 21(R1 Continued aquai on 9b:

Product of liquati n in Si-H Fluid of Formula II-A In view of the fact that the Si-H reactant is not used in the reaction of Equation 90, it may be effected in the presence of conventional alkaline equilibration catalysts useful in the preparation of unmodified polyalkylsiloxanes. Illustrative of such alkaline catalysts are potassium silanolate, cesium hydroxide and tetramethyl ammonium silanolate. such promoters are usually em- RSiO units, as shown by Equation 9b, is carried out in the presence of trifluoromethylsulfonic acid as described 'with specific reference to the reactions of Equations 7 and 8.

A third route to the cyanoalkyl-substituted polyalkylsiloxane hydrides encompassed by Formula II-A comprises the use of cyano-alkenes, described above as reactant (f), as the source of the cyanoalkyl groups, as illustrated by the following sequence of reactions:

Equation 10a:

The reaction of Equation 10a is effected in the presence of trifluoromethylsulfonic acid or known acid equilibration catalysts such as sulfuric acid, at temperatures usually from 20C. to about C. The reaction of Equation 10b is platinum-catalyzed and is effected under the conditions described with specific reference to the hydrosilation reactions shown, for example, by Equation 1. The reaction of Equation is acidcatalyzed and is carried out under the conditions described with reference to Equations 7 and 8, employing trifluoromethylsulfonic acid as the catalyst. Prior to the further reaction of the intermediate cyanoalkylsubstituted fluid provided by Equation 10b, however, it is desirable to separate any unreacted cyano-alkene or isomerized derivatives thereof, in order to minimize any tendency of such compounds to react with the acid catalyst (e.g., trifluoromethylsulfonic acid) employed in the reaction of Equation 100.

In providing the cyanoalkyl-substituted polyalkylsiloxane hydrides encompassed by Formula II-A, various modifications of the reactions of Equations 7-10c may be had without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, instead of introducing the RS i0 H units in two stages (Equations 10a and 10c), the

RSiO Equation 10b; g R Si0(R SiO) v(RtiiO) vIilL; J

C H li EC ZC Si-== Fluid of Formula II-A 25 26 units may be introduced during the reaction of Equawherein R is more particularly shown as C H- tion 10a in a predetermined amount sufficient to provide the total desired amount (y' z) followed by partial reaction of the SiH groups with y mols of cyano- I R.,:s: q;t ,si-.;j; aim (nsro), SiR 11-3 alkene reactant. This latter embodiment is illustrated v by the hydrosilation reaction of Equation 4a above. 1, 1

It is also evident that when the R group of each of the r reactants shown in Equations 7-1 ()0 is methyl (Me) and 7 c in each instance has a value of three, the resulting cyanopropyl-modified polymethylsiloxane hydride 10 I products havethe following average composition: v

a cyano-substituted alkanol, HOC H CN, de- M0 1:- i,O(Me:,': i 1 w Mt-iin l (Me 1* i U) SiMe scribed above as reactant (g), is suitably employed as i the source of the cyanoalkoxy group. Such SiH fluids if l are prepared by methods which comprise the condensation of silanic hydrogen of polyalkylsiloxane hydrides l with hydrogen of the HOC groups of the cyanoalkanols. One such method is as illustrated by the reaction of Equation 6a, which as previously described These Sil-l fluids are useful in providing polysiloxherein, is usually promoted by catalysts comprising tin anepolyoxyalkylene block copolymers encompassed by such as stannous octoate. A further method comprises Formulas Ill and IV, by the hydrosilation or hydrogen the sequence of reactions shown by Equations l0al0c condensation reactions of Equations 1 and 2, employemploying a cyano-alkanol in place of the cyanoing as the polyether reactants, the above-described alkene reactant and preferably promoting the reaction monoolefinically endblocked or hydroxyl-terminated of Equation 10b with one of the aforesaid catalysts poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene) ether reactants havcomprising an' organic derivative of tin such as staning the formulas, C l-l (OC H ),,(OC H ),,,OW and nous octoate. By way of specific illustration, cyano- HO(C H O),,(C H O),,,W, respectively. propoxysubstituted polymethylsiloxane hydrides hav- In providing the cyanoalkoxy-substituted polyalkyling the average composition:

Me sio(Me sro Menu '.Ir-lr f-,iU) ,&- iMo, l'i-B-l l i a i I lCllg),

siloxane hydrides encompassed by Formula ll wherein are provided 'by reactions of the following Equations R is the bivalent oxyalkylene radical, OR-, that is, l la-l lc and employing 3-cyanopropanol as the compositions having the following Formula Il-B source of the 3-cyanopropoxy groups:

-Continued Equation llc:

g Mt- SiU(Me .Lc,- !-ZvSi'-); |-i: le 7. (Meiisio) Si-ll Fluid of Formula 11-8-1 i:("Ii-l figuration l2:

i'l:- Si.O(M- Si (Na:.?ii ,iwlM0 y :iOCH CH CH CN S'L-H mun u Formula 11-5-1 y H The reactions of E uations 11b and 12 are carried out q Zo z'o ,z"

in the presence of the metal catalysts, preferably tin carboxylates such as stannous octoate, as described, for example, with specific reference to the reaction of Equation 2.

The SiH fluids having Formula Il-B-l are useful in providing the polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers encompassed by Formulas V and VI by the hydrosilation or hydrogen condensation reactions of Equations 1 and 2, employing as the polyether reactants the above-described monoolefinically endblocked or hydroxyl-terminated poly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene) ethers, C l-b (OC H ),,(OC H ),,,OW and HO(C H O),,(C H O),,,W, respectively.

The organosilicone polymers of the invention including the block copolymer surfactants encompassed by Formula I and the cyano-substituted SiH fluids encompassed by Formula II, are normally liquid compositions and comprise mixtures of polymer species which differ in molecular weight, polyether and siloxane contents and relative number of monomeric units. It is to be understood, therefore, that as expressed herein, the values of these parameters are average values. Further, two or more block copolymers having a particular average composition encompassed by Formula I may be admixed to adjust the average values of x, y and 2, as desired. For example, a block copolymer wherein y has an average value of about 45 may be admixed with another composition wherein y has an average value of about 15 to provide a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer wherein y has an average value of about 30. It also is to be understood that a small percentage (on the average, usually about 10 mol per cent or less) of the polyoxyalkylene blocks may comprise residual, uncapped hydroxyl-terminated groups introduced with the polyoxyalkylene ether reactants.

The above-described polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane block copolymers of the invention can be employed as a 100 percent active stream or in dilute form as a solution in various types of organic liquids including polar and non polar solvents. For example, the polymers may be diluted with non polar solvents such as the normally liquid aliphatic and aromatic unsubstituted and halogen-substituted hydrocarbons such as heptane, xylene, toluene, chlorobenzene and the like. When used, the preferred diluents are compounds encompassed by the formula:

wherein:

Z is hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group including alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl and tolyl) and aralkyl (e.g., benzyl) groups;

Z is a bivalent alkylene group (e.g., ethylene, propylene, trimethylene and butylene);

Z" is a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as defined for Z; and

t has an average value of at least two.

When Z is hydrogen, it is preferred that such ZO groups (that is, OH) represent no more than about 5 weight per cent of the solvent. Suitable solvents are alkylene oxide adducts of starters such as water, monools, diols and other polyols. Such organic starters are typically illustrated by butanol, propylene glycol, glycerol and 1,2,6-hexantriol. Preferred adducts of the organic starters are the mixed alkylene oxide adducts, particularly those containing a combination of oxyethylene and oxypropylene units. For example, one classof such organic solvents which may be present in the solution compositions of this invention, are mixed ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducts of butanol which are represented by the general formula, l-lO(C H O),(C H O),,C H wherein s has an average value from about 8 to about 50, and u has an average value from about 6 to about 40. Preferably, the values of s and u are such that the weight per cent of oxygethylene units is about equal to the weight per cent of the oxypropylene units. The solution compositions of this invention preferably contain from about 25 to about parts by weight of the polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers per parts by weight of the total weight of copolymer and solvent, but can contain from 1 to 99 parts by weight of the copolymer.

The organosilicone polymer surfactants of this invention may also be used in combination with non ionic organic surfactants such as adducts produced by reacting k mols of ethylene oxide (wherein k has an average value from about 4 to about 40, inclusive of whole and fractional numbers) per mol of any of the following hydrophobes: n-undecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, trimethyl nonanol, tridecyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol and the like. Especially useful are ethylene oxide adducts of nonylphenol having the average composition, C I-I C H -(OC H ),,OH,

wherein I: has an average value from about 9 up to about or more, including whole and fractional numbers such as 9, 10.5,- 13, 14.5 and 15. When used, such non ionic organic surfactants are used in amounts from about 2 to about 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the block copolymer. It is to be understood that such additives may also be present as a component of the aforementioned solutions of the block copolymers.

Also included within the scope of this invention is the use of the cyano-substituted polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene block copolymers of this invention in combination with other types of siliconcontaining surfactants such as, for example, those in which the backbone of the siloxane blocks is substituted only with silicon-bonded methyl or other alkyl groups such as the block copolymers described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,505,377. Other organosilicones which can be used in combination with the surfactants of this invention are those wherein the siloxane backbone is substituted with a combination of alkyl (for example, methyl) and aralkyl groups (for example, phenylethyl) such as the block copolymers described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,657,305. Illustrative of further organosilicones with which the polymers of this invention may be used in combination are those wherein the polysiloxane block is substituted with methyl only and the polysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene blocks are linked by an SiOC linkage such as the compositions described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,834,748. When used, the additional organosilicone is used in a minor amount which is usually from about 1 to about parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the block copolymer of this invention.

In addition to the cyano-substituted polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene copolymers of the present invention, the other essential types of components and reactants employed in providing flexible polyurethane foams as described herein are polyether polyols, organic polyisocyanates, the catalyst system and blowing agent, and, when producing flame-retarded foams, the foamproducing reaction mixture also contains a flameretardant. The organosilicone polymer surfactants of this invention are usually present in the final foamproducing reaction mixtures in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyether polyol reactant.

In producing the flexible polyurethane polymers of the present invention, one or more polyether polyols is employed for reaction with the polyisocyanate reactant to provide the urethane linkage. Such polyols have an average of at least two, and usually not more than six, hydroxyl groups per molecule and include compounds which consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and compounds which also contain phosphorus, halogen and/or nitrogen.

Among the suitable polyether polyols that can be employed are the poly(oxyalkylene) polyols, that is, alkylene oxide adducts of water or a polyhydric organic compound as the initiator or starter. For convenience, this class of polyether polyols is referred to herein as Polyol I. Illustrative of suitable polyhydric organic initiators are any one of the following which may be em ployed individually or in combination: ethylene glycol; diethylene glycol; propylene glycol; 1,5-pentanediol; hexylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; trimethylene glycol; 1,2-cyclohexanediol; 3-cyclohexane-l I dimethanol and dibromo-derivative thereof; glycerol; 1,2,6-hexanetriol; 1,1,l-trimethyolethane; 1,1,1- trimethyolpropane; 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)- and 3-(2- hydroxypropoxy)-1,2-propanediols; 2,4-dimethyl-2-( 2- hydroxyethoxy)methylpentanediol-l ;5; 1,1 l -tris[ 2- hydroxyethoxy)methyl1ethane; 1,1 l -tris[ (2- hydroxypropoxy)methyl]propane; pentaerythritol; sorbitol; sucrose; alpha-methyl glucoside; other such polyhydric compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having usually not more than about 15 carbon atoms per molecule; and lower alkylene oxide adducts of any of the aforesaid initiators such as propylene oxide or ethylene oxide adducts having a relatively low average molecular weight up to about 800.

The above-described polyether polyols are normally liquid materials and, in general, are prepared in accordance with well known techniques comprising the reaction of the polyhydric starter and an alkylene oxide in the presence of an oxyalkylation catalyst which is usually an alkali metal hydroxide such as, in particular, potassium hydroxide. The oxyalkylation of the polyhydric initiator is carried out at temperatures ranging from about C. to about C. and usually at an elevated pressure up to about 200 p.s.i.g., employing a sufficient amount of alkylene oxide and adequate reaction time to obtain a polyol of desired molecular weight which is conveniently followed during the course of the reaction by standard hydroxyl number determinations. As is well known to this art, the hydroxyl numbers are determined by, and are defined as, the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required for the complete neutralization of the hydrolysis product of the fully acetylated derivative prepared from 1 gram of polyol or mixture of polyols. The hydroxyl number is also defined by the following equation which indicates its relationship with the molecular weight and functionality of the polyol:

0H: 56.1 x 1000 Xf wherein OH hydroxyl number of the polyol,

f average functionality, that is, the average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of polyol, and

M.W. average molecular weight of the polyol. The alkylene oxides usually employed in providing the polyether polyol reactants are the lower alkylene oxides, that is, compounds having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxides (1,2- or 2,3-) and combinations thereof. When more than one type of oxyalkylene unit is desired in the polyol product, the alkylene oxide reactants may be fed to the reaction system sequentially to provide polyoxyalkylene chains containing respective blocks of different oxyalkylene units or they may be fed simultaneously to provide substantially random distribution of units. Alternatively, the polyoxyalkylene chains may consist essentially of one type of oxyalkylene unit such as oxypropylene capped with oxyethylene units.

A second class of polyether polyols that are suitable for use in preparing the flexible polyurethane foams of the present invention are graft polymer/polyether polyols which, for convenience, are referred to herein as Polyol II. Such reactants are produced by polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers dissolved or dispersed in a polyether polyol in the presence of a free radical catalyst. Suitable polyether polyols for producing such compositions include, for example, any of the above described polyols encompassed by the definition of Polyol I. Illustrative of suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomers are those encompassed by the general formula,

where:

R is hydrogen, methyl or any of the halogens (i.e.,

fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); and

R is R, cyano, phenyl, methyl-substituted phenyl, or alkenyl radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl, allyl and isopropenyl groups. Typical examples of such polymerizable monomers are the following which may be employed individually or in combination: ethylene, propylene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, and butadiene. These and other polymer/polyol compositions which are suitably employed either individually or in combination with Polyol I are those described in British Pat. No. 1,063,222 and US. Pat. No. 3,383,351, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Such compositions are prepared by polymerizing the monomers in the polyol at a temperature between about 40C. and about 150C. employing any free radicalgenerating initiator including peroxides, persulfates, percarbonates, perborates, azo compounds such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, benzoyl hydroperoxide, lauroyl peroxide, and azobis- (isobutyronitrile). The graft polymer/polyether polyol product may also contain a small amount of unreacted polyether, monomer and free polymer.

When used in the practice of this invention, the polymer/polyol compositions usually contain from about to about 50, and more usually from about 10 to about 40, weight per cent of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer polymerized in the polyether polyol. Especially suitable polymer/polyols are those containing:

A. from about 10 to about 30 weight per cent of a copolymer of (1) acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, and (2) styrene or alpha-methylstyrene, the said copolymer containing from about 50 to 75 and from about 50 to 25 weight per cent of l) and (2), respectively; and

B. from about 90 to about 70 weight per cent of the polyether polyol, and particularly trifunctional polyols such as alkylene oxide adducts of glycerol. These particular polymer/polyol compositions containing (A) and (B) are the subject of copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 176,317, filed Aug. 30, 1971, in the name of David c. Priest.

In preparing polyurethane foams in accordance with the present invention, it is to be understood that mixtures of any of the aforesaid polyether polyols encompassed by Polyol I and Polyol II can be employed as reactants with the organic polyisocyanate. The particular polyether polyol or polyols employed depends upon the end-use of the polyurethane foam. Usually diols provide soft foams, firmer foams are obtained by the incorporation of polyether polyols having more than two hydroxyl groups, including triols, tetra-01s, pentols and hexols. When it is desired to produce polyurethanes having comparatively high loadbearing properties and- /or diecutability, graft polymer/polyether polyols of the aforesaid type are used.

The hydroxyl number of the polyether polyol reaci tant including mixtures of polyols employed in the production of the flexible polyurethane foams of this invention may vary over a relatively wide range such as from about 28 to about 150, and is usually no higher than about 80.

The polyisocyanates used in the manufacture of polyurethanes are known to the art and any such reactants are suitably employed in producing the flexible polyether-based polyurethane foams of the present invention. Among such suitable polyisocyanates are those represented by the general formula:

wherein:

i has an average value of at least two and is usually no more than six, and Q represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical which can be an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group or a hydrocarbyl group substituted, for ex- I ample, with halogen or alkoxy. For example, Q can be an alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, alkyl-substituted cycloalkylene, alkarylene or aralkylene radical including corresponding halogenand alkoxy-substituted radicals. Typical examples of polyisocyanates for use in preparing the polyurethanes of this invention are any of the following including mixtures thereof: 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4- tetramethylene diisocyanate, l-methyl-2,4- diisocyanatocyclohexane, bis( 4- isocyanatophenyl)methane, phenylene diisocyanates such as 4-methoxy-l,4-phenylenediisocyanate, 4- chloro-l ,3-phenylenediisocyanate, 4-bromo-1 ,3- phenylenediisocyanate, 5 ,6-dimethyl-l ,3-

phenylenediisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6- tolylene diisocyanate, crude tolylene 'diisocyanates, 6- isopropyll ,3-phenylenediisocyanate, durylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate, and other organic polyisocyanates known to the polyurethane art. Other suitable polyisocyanate reactants are ethylphosphonic diisocyanate and phenylphosphonic diisocyanate. Of the aforesaid types of polyisocyanates, those containing aromatic nuclei are generally preferred.

Also useful as the polyisocyanate reactant are polymeric isoycanates having units of the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen and/or lower alkyl and j has an average value of at least 2.1. Preferably the lower alkyl radical is methyl and j has an average value of from 2.1 to about 3.0 Particularly useful polyisocyanates of this type are the polyphenylmethylene polyisocyanates produced by phosgenation of the polyamine obtained by acid-catalyzed condensation of aniline with formaldehyde. Polyphenylmethylene polyisocyanates of this type are available commercially under such trade names as PAPI, NIAX lsocyanate AFPI, Mondur MR, Isonate 390?, NCO-I20, Thanate P-220, NCO-l and NCO-20. These products are low viscosity (50-500 centipoises at 25C.) liquids having average isocyanato functionalities in the range of about 2.25 to about 3.2 or higher, depending upon the specific aniline-to-formaldehyde molar ratio used in the polyamine preparation.

Other useful polyisocyanates are combinations of diisocyanates with polymeric isocyanates containing more than two isocyanate groups per molecule. Illustrative of such combinations are: a mixture of 2.4- tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and the aforesaid polyphenylmethylene polyisocyanates and/or polymeric tolylene diisocyanates obtained as residues from the manufacture of the diisocyanates.

Ona combined basis, the polyether polyol and organic polyisocyanate usually constitute the major proportion by weight of the polyurethane-forming reaction mixture. In general, the polyisocyanate and polyether polyol reactants are employed in relative amounts such that the ratio of total NCO equivalents to total active hydrogen equivalent (of the polyether polyol and any water, when used) is from 0.8 to 1.5, preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, equivalents of NCO per equivalent of active hydrogen. This ratio is known as the lsocyanate Index and is often also expressed as a per cent of the stoichiometric amount of polyisocyanate required to react with total active hydrogen. When expressed as a per cent, the lsocyanate Index may be from 80 to I50, and is preferably within the range from about 90 to about 110.

The urethane-forming reaction is effected in the presence of a minor amount of a catalyst comprising an amine. This component of the polyurethane-forming reaction mixture is usually a tertiary amine. Suitable amine catalysts include one or more of the following: N-methylmorpholine; N-ethylmorpholine; N- octadecylmorpholine; triethylamine; tributylamine, trioctylamine; N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine; N,N,N ,N'-tetramethyll ,3-butanediamine; triethanolamine; N,N-dimethylethanolamine; triisopropanolamine; N-methyldiethanolamine; hexadecyldimethylamine; N,N-dimethylbenzylamine; trimethylamine; N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethylamine, also known as bis( 2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether; triethylenedaimine (i.e., 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane); the formate and other salts of triethylenediamine, oxyalkylene adducts of the amino groups of primary and secondary amines and other such amine catalysts which are well known in the art of polyurethane manufacture. The amine catalyst may be introduced to the polyurethane-producing reaction mixture as such or as a solution in suitable carrier solvents such as diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (hexylene glycol).

The amine catalyst is present in the final urethaneproducing reaction mixture in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 3 parts by weight of active catalyst (that is, the amine exclusive of other components present in solutions thereof) per 100 parts by weight of the polyether polyol reactant.

In producting polyurethanes from polyether polyols usual practice is to include as a further component of the reaction mixture a minor amount of certain metal catalysts which are useful in promoting gellation of the 34 foaming mixture. Such supplementary catalysts are well known to the art of flexible polyether-based polyurethane foam manufacture. For example, useful metal catalysts include organic derivatives of tin, particularly tin compounds of carboxylic acids such as stannous octoate, stannous oleate, stannous acetate, stannous laurate, dibutyl tin dilaurate, and other such tin salts. Ad-

.ditional metal catalysts are organic derivatives of other tion mixture of varying amounts of a polyurethane blowing agent such as water which, upon reaction with isocyanate generates carbon dioxide in situ, or through the use of blowing agents which are vaporized by the exotherm of the reaction, or by a combination of the two methods. These various methods are known in the art. Thus, in addition to or in place of water, other blowing agents which can be employed in the process of this invention include methylene chloride, liquefied gases which have boiling points below F. and above 60F., or other inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide added as such, methane, helium and argon. Suitable liquefied gases include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic fluorocarbons which vaporize at or below the temperature of the foaming mass. Such gases are at least partially fluorinated and may also be otherwise halogenated. Fluorocarbon blowing agents suitable for use in foaming the formulations of this invention include trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, l, l-dichloro-l-fluoroethane, 1,1,1- trifluoro-2-fluoro-3,3-difluoro-4,4,4-trifluorobutane, hexafluorocyclobutene and octafluorocyclobutane. Another useful class of blowing agents include thermally-unstable compounds which liberate gases upon heating, such as N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'- dinitrosoterephthalamide, and the like. The generally preferred method of foaming for producing flexible foams is the use of water or a combination of water plus a fluorocarbon blowing agent such as trichloromonofluoromethane.

The amount of blowing agent employed in the foaming reaction will vary with factors such as the density that is desired in the foamed product. Usually, however, from about I to about 30 parts by weight of the blowing agent per parts by weight of the polyether polyol reactant is preferred.

The organic flame-retardants that can be employed in producing flame-retarded flexible polyether foams in accordance with the teachings of this invention can be chemically combined in one or more of the other materials used (e.g., in the polyether polyol or polyisocya nate), or they can be used as discrete chemical compounds added as such to the foam formulation. The organic flame-retardants preferably contain phosphorus or halogen, or both phosphorus and halogen. Usually, the halogen, when present, is chlorine and/or bromine. Flame-retardants of the discrete chemical variety include: 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-l,3-propanediol (also known as dibromoneopentyl glycol); 2,3- dibromopropanol, tetrabromophthalic anhydride; brominated phthalate ester diols such as those produced from tetrabromophthalic anhydride, propylene oxide and propylene glycol, tetrabromo-bisphenol-A; 2,4,6-

and

CICH CH p.

'tA'LiE CH CL which are available from Monsanto Chemical Company under the names Phosgard 2XC-20 and Phosgard C-22-R, respectively. Other suitable flame-retardants comprise halogen-containing polymeric resins such as polyvinylchloride resins in combination with antimony trioxide and/or other inorganic metal oxides such as zinc oxide, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,075,927; 3,075,928; 3,222,305; and 3,574,149. It is to be understood that other flame-retardants known to the art may be used and that the aforesaid compounds may be employed individually or in combination with one another.

Those of the above flame-retardants of the discrete chemical compound variety which contain groups reactive with hydroxyl or isocyanato groups can be used as reactants in producing the polyether polyol reactant or they can be reacted with organic polyisocyanates, to produce modified polyols or polyisocyanates having chemically combined flame-retarding groups. Such modified polyether polyols and polyisocyanates are also useful as reactants in the process of this invention. In such cases, due regard must be given to the possible effect of the functionality of the compound on the other properties (e.g., degree of flexibility) of the resulting foam.

The flame-retarding agent can be used in an amount from about 1 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyether polyol reactant, and is usually employed in an amount of at least about 5 parts by weight. It is evident that the particular amount of flame-retardant employed depends largely on the efficiency of any given agent in reducing flammability.

The polyether-based polyurethane foams of this invention may be formed in accordance with any of the processing techniques known to the art such as, in particular, the one-shot technique. In accordance with this method, foamed products are provided by carrying out the reaction of the polyisocyanate and polyether polyol simultaneously with the foaming operation. It is sometimes convenient to add the organosilicone polymer surfactant to the reaction mixture as a premixture with one or more of the blowing agent, polyether polyol, amine catalyst and, when used, the flame-retardant. It is to be understood that the relative amounts of the various components of the foam formulations are not narrowly critical. The polyether polyol and polyisocyanate are present in the foam-producing formulation in a major amount. The relative amounts of these two components is the amount required to produce the urethane structure of the foam and such relative amounts are well known in the art. The source of the blowing action such as water, auxiliary blowing agents, amine catalyst, metal co-catalyst and the organosilicone foam stabilizers of the present invention are each present in a minor amount necessary to achieve the function of the component. Thus, the blowing agent is present in an amount sufficient to foam the reaction mixture, the amine catalyst is present in a catalytic amount (i.e., an amount sufficient to catalyze the reaction to produce the urethane at a reasonable rate), and the organosilicone polymers of this invention are present in a foamstabilizing amount, that is, in an amount sufficient to stabilize the foam. The preferred amounts of these various components are as given hereinabove.

' If desired, other additional ingredients can be employed in minor amounts in producing the polyurethane foams in accordance with the process of this invention. Illustrative of such additives that can be employed are: cross-linking agents such as glycerol, triethanolamine and their oxyalkylene adducts, as well as fillers, dyes, pigments, anti-yellowing agents and the like. The polyurethanes produced in accordance with the present invention are used in the same areas as conventional flexible polyether polyurethanes and are especially useful where improved fire-resistance properties are beneficial. Thus, the foams of the present invention are used with advantage in the manufacture of textile interliners, cushions, mattresses, paddings, carpet underlay, packaging, gaskets, sealers, thermal insulators and the like.

The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended as a limitation upon the scope thereof.

Molecular weights given in the examples for various polymer compositions of this invention, were measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (abbreviated in the examples as GPC) using a calibration curve showing the relationship between the respective elution volumes established for dimethylsiloxane fluids of different molecular weights and the respective known molecular weights of such fluids. In establishing the calibration curve, the various dimethylsiloxane fluids were in solution in trichloroethylene solvent using styragel packed columns. In measuring the molecular weights of the polymers described herein, the elution volume observed for any particular polymer product (in trichloroethylene solvent) was equated with the corresponding elution volume of the calibration curve, and the molecular weight associated with that particular elution volume was assigned as the molecular weight of the polymer product. Gel Permeation Chromatography as a technique for measuring molecular weight is discussed in Polymer Fractionation (ed. Manfred J. R. Cantow, Academic Press, Inc. New York 1967), pages 123-173, Chapter B4, entitled Gel Permeation Chromatography, by K. H. Altgelt and J. C. Moore. In determining the molecular weights given in the examples,

the particular procedure employed was that described 10 A, 3 X 10 A, 10 A, 3 X 10 A, and 8 X 10 A, respectively.

It is to be understood that in the formulas included in the data which follows, Me designates a methyl group, CH

EXAMPLES l-l In accordance with these examples, 3-cyanopropylsubstituted polymethylpolysiloxane hydride fluids, designated in the examples as Si-H Fluids I-X, were pre-- pared having the general formula:

wherein the particular average values of x, y and z are given in Table I below. In Examples 2, 4 and 7, respective Fluids II, IV and VII were prepared by the acidcatalyzed equilibration of the following siliconcontaining reactants as the source of the indicated units:

Reactant (1a): Hexamethyldisiloxane, Me SiOSiMe as the source of the endblocking trimethylsiloxy units, Me SiO Reactant (2): Cyclic polymers of dimethylsiloxane distilled to provide the cyclic tetramer, [Me SiO].,, as the predominant component (boiling point, 175C./760 mm. Hg), as the source of the dimethylsiloxy units.

Reactant (3): Cyclic 3-cyanopropylmethylsiloxane polymer, as the source of the S-cyanopropylmethylsiloxy units. This reactant is prepared by the hydrolysis of 3-cyanopropylmethyldichlorosilane, MeSiCl (CI-I CN, at a temperature of about l0l5C. and subatmospheric pressure (40-110 mm.) employing toluene diluent and neutralizing the hydrolyzate with sodium bicarbonate, followed by dehydration and cyclization of the hydrolyzate in the presence of sodium bicarbonate at reflux temperature, and removal of toluene from the cyclizate.

Reactant (4): Polymeric methylhydrogensiloxane (Si-H analysis, 355-365 cc. l-I per gram), as the The of the methylhydrogensiloxy units, MeI-ISiO. The respective amounts of the aforesaid reactants (1a)(4) and catalyst employed in providing, and analytical data pertaining to, Fluids II, IV and VII are given in Table I; the procedure and reaction conditions employed are as typically illustrated by the following detailed description of the preparation of Fluid II.

Preparation of Fluid II 38 Reactant (la): 1.62 grams, corresponding to 0.01

mol of Me SiOSiMe Reactant (2): 37.0 grams, corresponding to 0.5 molequivalent of the unit, Me SiO; Reactant (3): 19.05 grams, corresponding to 0.15 mol-equivalent of the unit, NC(CI-I SiMeO; and Reactant (4): 3.6 grams, corresponding to 0.06 molequivalent of the unit, MeHSiO. The resulting heterogeneous mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature while 0.122 grams of anhydrous trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid catalyst was added to the system, the said amount of catalyst corresponding to about 0.2 weight per cent of the total weight of reactants. After about two hours the mixture became homogeneous and was stirred for an additional 2hour period. The equilibrate was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate (20 grams), adding toluene ml.) to facilitate filtration. The mixture was filtered and solvent removed by evaporation at 40C./5 mm. Based upon the method and relative proportions of reactants employed, the fluid product, designated as SiI-I Fluid II, is assigned the average structure,

mpw H corresponding to a molecular weight of about 6127 and a theoretical MeI-ISiO content of 5.87 weight per cent. Upon SiI-I analysis, the product provided 21.2 cc. l-l gram on the basis of which the found MeHSiO content is 5.68 weight per cent.

Fluids I, III, V, VI and VII-X were prepared by the acid-catalyzed equilibration of Reactants (2), (3) and (4) employing, in place of Reactant la), the following:

Reactant (1b): Trimethylsiloxy endblocked dimethylsiloxy trimer, Me SiO(Me SiO) SiMe as the source of the endblocking units and as a supplemental source of Me SiO units. The respective amounts of Reactant (lb) and the aforesaid Reactants (2)-(4) and catalyst employed in providing these particular fluids are also given in Table I under Examples 1, 3, '5, 6 and 8-10, the procedure and reaction conditions employed being as typically illustrated by the following detailed description of the preparation of Fluid III.

Preparation of Fluid III equilibrate was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate (600 grams), mixed with toluene (600 grams) and then filtered. Based upon the method and proportions of re- 

1. A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FLIXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM WHICH COMPRISES REACTING AND FOAMING A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING: A. A POLYETHER POLYOL REACTANT CONTAINING AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST TWO HYDROXYL GROUPS PER MOLECULE, B. A POLYISOCYANATE REACTANT CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO
 1. A process for producing flexible polyurethane foam which comprises reacting and foaming a reaction mixture comprising: a. a polyether polyol reactant containing an average of at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule, b. a polyisocyanate reactant containing at least two isocyanato groups per molecule, c. a blowiNg agent, d. a catalyst comprising an amine, and e. a foam stabilizer comprising a polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene block copolymer having the average composition,
 2. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the reaction mixture contains a flame-retarding agent.
 3. A flexible polyurethane foam produced in accordance with the method of claim
 1. 4. A process for producing flexible polyurethane foam which comprises reacting and foaming a reaction mixture comprising: a. a polyether polyol reactant containing an average of at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule, b. a polyisocyanate reactant containing at least two isocyanato groups per molecule, c. a blowing agent comprising water, d. a catalyst comprising a tertiary-amine, and e. a foam stabilizer comprising a polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene block copolymer having the average composition,
 5. A process as defined in claim 4 in which -R*CN of said copolymer is cyanopropyl.
 6. A process for producing flame-retarded, flexible polyurethane foam which comprises reacting and foaming a reaction mixture containing: a. a polyether polyol reactant containing an average of at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule, b. an organic polyisocyanate reactant containing at least two isocyanato groups per molecule, c. water as a source of blowing action, d. a catalyst comprising a tertiary-amine, e. a co-catalyst comprising an organic derivative of tin, f. a flame-retarding agent, and g. a foam stabilizer comprising a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkyLene block copolymer having the average composition,
 7. A flame-retarded, flexible polyurethane foam produced by the process of claim
 6. 8. The process of claim 6 in which R**- of said copolymer is a lower alkyl group, x has an average value from about 20 to about 100, y has an average value from about 5 to about 20, and z has an average value from about 2 to about
 10. 